Plan Drawings for Loght and Outlet

How To Read Electrical Plans

Scale of Reflected Ceiling Plans

Reflected ceiling plans should be drawn at the same scale every bit the floor plans. Depending on the complexity of the project and ceiling treatment, the most common scale for residential and minor commercial projects is i// = i'-0" (i:50 metric) and V8" = 1'-0" (1:100 metric) for large commercial projects. The scale the ceiling plan is drawn at should be noted and placed direct below the drawing, either side by side to or direct beneath the title. If an enlarged detail is needed to explain a feature in the ceiling, it is keyed with a notation or symbol to a separate, larger-scale drawing.

The luminaires should be drawn equally simple rectangles, squares, or circles that depict the actual fixture as closely every bit possible. Simplistic forms prevent clutter in the view for ease of recognition. In most cases, the lighting fixture is fatigued to the calibration of the actual fixtures. However, in some cases such as miniature spotlights, the size may have to be exaggerated, as the properly scaled unit would be besides small to prove up on the plan.

PARTIAL REFLECTED CEILING PLAN

An enlarged detail of a coma shade is drawn in section view and keyed to its location in the small-scale reflected ceiling plan.

Lighting fixtures are represented with symbols in the reflected ceiling plan and keyed to a fable showing specifications.

Drafting Standards for the Reflected Ceiling Plan

A reflected ceiling programme must clearly show all walls, partitions, and soffits that intersect with the ceiling. It should also specify changes in ceiling elevations and materials, such as lights, sprinklers, smoke detectors, and HVAC diffusers that adhere to or penetrate the ceiling. In drafting reflected ceiling plans, the designer should reproduce the floor plan walls and openings such as doors and windows, but without showing items such as born cabinetry, plumbing fixtures, etc.

The lighting fixtures and other electrical features shown on the reflected ceiling plan are given symbols that are keyed to a legend. Information technology is advisable to depict in all the electric symbols on the program earlier information technology is dimensioned or notes are added. If not, a symbol may autumn on top of a dimension, thus requiring the dimension to exist moved. Locate the light fixtures in the ceiling plan in accordance with the lighting design concept. Common types of light fixtures on the lighting plan include surface-mounted, recessed, pendant, and rail-mounted.

On commercial projects where there is a suspended ceiling, the reflected ceiling plans would bear witness any partitions that extend through the ceiling plane as well. The ceiling grid lines (called "T" bars) should also be shown. Other information included in the reflected ceiling plan are the ceiling materials, ceiling heights, ceiling slopes, changes in ceiling heights, locations of all lighting fixtures (including get out and emergency lights), air dif-fusers and vents, access panels, speakers, sprinkler heads (if used), and other items that bear on or are function of the ceiling aeroplane.

Next, the interior designer should decide how the lights in the space are to be switched. For residential or small commercial

Standard lighting and electrical symbols

The ceiling filigree, too equally lights and other items located within it, are shown to scale.

The ceiling grid, too as lights and other items located within it, are shown to scale.

The switching can either be shown on the reflected ceiling plan or on the electrical lighting plan. The switching blueprint should be based on how much individual command is needed and the office of the lighting. Energy conservation needs and maximum circuit loads within the circuits will also determine the number and location of the switches. By and large, switches are located near the door or opening leading into the space. Large spaces that accept more than one entry may require multiple switching locations.

Afterwards locating the switches, determine which luminaires they should control and delineate this on the plan. This can be washed in two ways, depending on the size and complexity of the lighting programme.

The commencement method is to draw a line from the wall switch to the fixtures information technology controls. This connecting line should be dashed and curved to distinguish it from other objects and items on the cartoon. Curved lines are preferred, as straight lines may get mixed upward with wall lines or other items that are drawn in the program. The connecting curved line should touch the outlet or fixture symbol. The symbol for switches can be a simple S. If a detail lighting fixture is switched from ii locations, the symbols will be S3 to indicate that three items (ii switches and 1 lighting fixture) are connected electrically.

The second method of showing low-cal-fixture switching is to assign a number or letter to the switch and to place this aforementioned number in or nearly the calorie-free fixture shown in the ceiling plan. This method is used primarily in commercial spaces, where there might be a lot of multiple switching and other items placed on the ceiling plan, and then that the use of lines (the first method) could complicate the cartoon.

After the interior designer lays out the lighting and switching, the cartoon is given to an electric engineer, who indicates the exact circuitry, wire sizes, and other specifications required for the electric system. In residential spaces, the drawing might be given directly to the electrical contractor, as the circuitry and requirements hither are not as circuitous as those in commercial work.

Designation of Materials

When preparing the reflected ceiling plan, the designer must call out types and locations of specific ceiling materials. This can be done by placing notes on the plan, or symbols that are referenced to a ceiling material fable. The ii most common ceiling systems used are gypsum board ceilings that are fastened to the structure to a higher place, and suspended acoustical ceilings. Other ceiling finishes might include forest facing, linear metal, or fifty-fifty exposed woods joists and beams. Dimensioning Reflected Ceiling Plans

As the reflected ceiling plans are generally drawn to a scale that matches the flooring plans, there is no need for a lot of dimensioning on the plan, unless ceiling breaks or changes of materials occur where they are not evidently located at a door, wall, or column location. Equally long as the reflected ceiling plan is fatigued to scale, the dimensions of the spaces and structure tin be reserved for the flooring plan. However, in some cases, the sizes of the units and the fixture locations do need to be dimensioned. This is particularly truthful for big expanses of gypsum board ceiling, where the scale cannot be as hands determined as in a gridded suspended ceiling assembly (where, for example, one can count units to locate the low-cal fixture).

When dimensioning the reflected ceiling programme, either "finish" dimensions or "framing" dimensions can be used, just the selection must be noted on the plans. Elements such as recessed light troffers can be precisely located in the finished space. If a downlight in a gypsum wallboard ceiling is to be used, information technology more often than not is dimensioned to its center point and so the electrical contractor knows where to install

PARTIAL REFLECTED CEILING PLAN

sc: i/4"= r-o"

it. Alignment and direction of patterns might need to exist dimensioned straight on the plan. In these instances, references should exist given that are hands obtainable in the field. Dimensions should be referenced from the face of a wall, column, or imaginary centerline of a room, equally illustrated in Figure 14-17.

The recessed down lights in this reflected ceiling plan are dimensioned in relation to each other and diverse wall elements and soffits.

Checklist for Reflected Ceiling Plans

General

• Championship the cartoon, note its calibration, and identify north (or reference management).
• If needed, develop a ceiling blazon cloth schedule and key it to the programme.
• Develop a lighting symbol legend and locate information technology on the same canvas as the get-go reflected ceiling plan (if more than 1 is required), or on a nearby sheet.
• Clean up the program (or in CAD, turn off superfluous information) so the walls, spaces, and fundamental codes are clear, dark, and very legible. Don't show items unless they are on the ceiling plane or intersecting it.
• Depict in major soffits or openings higher up and call them out in a note, including attic access panels.
• Pouche walls, if applicable.
• Make up one's mind on the switching patterns of the low-cal fixtures (if the interior designer has this responsibility) and bear witness by the curved-line method or employ of numbers/letters.
• Cross-reference the reflected ceiling plan to other drawings (if applicative), carefully checking for accuracy and completeness of information.

Notations

• Note where the ceiling level changes or slopes if this has a direct effect on the light fixtures and their installation.
• Notation special features, clearances, finished ceiling heights above stop floors, alignments, and other important items.
• Cross-reference the plan with symbols and reference to the lighting schedule, details, and other drawings as needed.

Dimensions

• Dimension the locations of light fixtures and changes in ceiling types that are not readily apparent. Locate to such items every bit columns or existing walls.
• Dimension clearances, alignments, and other controlling factors.
• Dimension lighting coves and other structural lighting, or create big-calibration drawings of these and cross-reference.

Electrical Plans

Electrical plans can include electrical outlets, telephones, communication devices, and other items requiring electrical ability. In small projects, these items can exist shown together with the lighting. An instance of this blazon of drawing is illustrated in Figure fourteen-18. On large commercial projects, the electrical plan, often referred to as a power or power/communication plan, shows the outlets and related electric devices separately (Figure fourteen-19). In nigh cases, the plumbing equipment and items such equally cabinetry and other built-in items are shown in lodge to more closely coordinate the location of electrical ability devices. In some instances, such equally in open-office situations, designers also prefer to evidence the furniture, as many times it relates straight to the electric outlet locations (Figure 14-20). The interior designer prepares the power plan and so forwards it to the electrical engineer to detail the circuitry, wire sizes, panel boxes, and other electric specifications. On small residential plans, the drawing is given straight to the electric contractor to install the piece of work according to accepted practices.

The telephone and other communication systems are also generally shown on the electrical programme. Locations of telephones, public address systems, computer terminals, intercommunication devices, and security systems are the responsibility of the interior designer in consultation with specialists. The designer draws a power/communications plan that schematically shows where power is needed for special equipment. Symbols for electrical devices are generally keyed to a fable that is on the same sheet as the program. The electrical engineer or other organisation specialists do almost of the detailed specifications for these devices.

ELECTRICAL iv LIGHTING PLAN

In large commercial projects, a split electrical/power plan with a legend specifies outlets and circuitry. Many architectural features and other systems are left out then that the electrical programme can be hands read.

A power plan often includes telephone and other advice devices.

In large commercial projects, a separate electric/power plan with a legend specifies outlets and circuitry. Many architectural features and other systems are left out and so that the electrical plan can exist easily read.

Scale of Electric Plans

Electrical plans in commercial spaces are mostly fatigued at the same scale as the floor plans. The most common calibration for commercial projects is V8" = l'-O" (1:100 metric). Yet, in circuitous installations, the scale might be increased to V4" = 50'-O" (one:l metric). The scale the plan is drawn at should exist noted and placed either adjacent to or straight below the title.

Drafting Standards for Electrical Plans

Electric plans must show all interior and exterior walls, stairs, and big devices, such equally furnaces, h2o heaters, etc., that require ability. Built-in fixtures and cabinetry, such equally in bathrooms and kitchens, should also be drawn to better locate the electric outlets and other devices. The walls should be drawn with lighter line weights so they do not dominate the drawing. Locate the convenience outlets on the walls where they are to be mounted, and call out the dimension above the finished flooring (A.F.F.). Remember to note whatsoever special requirements such every bit weatherproof (WP), split-wired, or special-purpose connections. Common electrical symbols are shown in Effigy 14-21.

Designation of Materials

Electrical plans are primarily diagrammatic. Although they are drawn to a scale that matches the floor plans, the electric devices are often too pocket-size to portray in the cartoon at their exact scale. They are fatigued equally an oversize symbol to be easily recognized. To go on the drawing simple, materials such every bit finish flooring and other items are non delineated.

Dimensioning Electrical Plans

Electrical plans are drawn to a scale that generally matches the flooring plans. There is no need for a lot of dimensioning on the electrical plan, as items tin exist located to calibration on the floor plans. Still, in some cases, electric outlets and other devices do need to be dimensioned to accurately place them where they can be easily accessed when the building is occupied. This is particularly truthful for big expanses of wall where the scale cannot be accurately determined by scaling the drawing. In such instances, references should exist given that are easily obtainable in the field, dimensioning from the face of a wall, column, or imaginary centerline of a room. If a horizontal dimension is not given for a wall outlet, the electrician will place information technology equally close equally possible to the designer'south plan. The electrician might choose to attach the outlet to a wall stud rather than locating it between two studs if the designer has non dimensioned a specific location.

Although well-nigh electrical outlets do not need to be exactly located, in that location are some exceptions, such as in this bar area, where outlets must coordinate with equipment.

Partial ELECTRICAL Programme

Checklist for Electric Plans

Full general

• Championship the drawing, note its scale, and place due north (or reference direction).
• Title the accompanying electrical schedule and fundamental it to the program.
• Add notes to clarify whatsoever abbreviations that are not commonly recognized.
• Clean up the plan (or in CAD, turn off superfluous data) then the walls, spaces, and key electrical codes are articulate, dark, and very legible.
• Cross-reference the electric plan to other drawings and schedules, carefully checking for accuracy and completeness of data.

Notations

• Note special situations, such as devices supplied past owner or others.
• Notation special features, clearances, outlet locations above finish floors, cabinetry, and other items.
• Note alignments and other important items that affect the electrical plan.

Dimensions

• Dimension location of outlets and changes in floor or wall types that bear upon the outlet installation.
• Dimension outlets to walls, wall corners or intersections, and other items such every bit columns.
• Dimension the appropriate outlets to the proper distance above the finished flooring (A.F.F.).
• Dimension clearances, alignments, and other controlling factors.

The mechanical systems of a edifice are commonly referred to collectively as the HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air-condition-ing) organisation. The HVAC organisation ensures that the occupants of a building are provided with a comfy environment. The system does more than provide heating for wintertime and cooling for summer. It brings in fresh air, circulates it through the interiors, and exhausts stale air and odors. It tin can also care for air to control humidity, dust, pollen, and other undesirable conditions.

The plumbing system in a building serves a number of different functions, such every bit delivering water to people and machines through pressurization (water supply), and ejecting water to be removed through gravity (drainage). Plumbing serves three basic needs: it provides water for human consumption, sanitary drainage of wastes, and mechanical systems. H2o might be used for equipment or serve an automatic sprinkler organisation, every bit discussed later in this chapter under plumbing plans. Some commercial buildings might also have a storm drainage system that rids the roof or other areas of rainfall or flooding. Such systems are dissever from the germ-free sewage piping and collect into a storm sewer or are routed to a curbside drainage. A building might also have a waterfall characteristic, fountain, pond, or other decorative element that has a specialized, recirculating water organization.

Mechanical and plumbing drawings involve a lot of communication, coordination, and teamwork among the various pattern professionals and the contractors. The professional person offices that produce the HVAC and plumbing drawings must be aware of one

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